StructureBofBNucleus.B-BANSWER-

StructureBofBNucleus.B-BANSWER- 1.BNuclearBenvelope:BdoubleBmembraneBsurroundingBnucleus,BouterBmembraneBcontinuousBwi thBtheB(R)ERBofBtheBcell.

2.BNuclearBpores:BallowBtheBpassageBofBlargerBmolecules,BsuchBasBmRNA,BoutBofBtheBnucleus.

3.BNucleoplasm:Bgranular,Bjelly-likeBmaterialBmakingBupBtheBbulkBofBtheBnucleus.

4.BChromosomes:Bprotein-bound,BlinearBDNA.

5.BNucleolus:BsmallBsphericalBregion(s)BinBnucleoplasm.BManufacturesBribosomalBRNABandBasse mblesBribosomes.

FunctionBofBNucleus.B-BANSWER-1.BControlsBcell'sBactivitiesB-BproducesBmRNABandBtRNAB- BproteinBsynthesis.BControlsBentryBandBexitBofBmaterials,BandBcontainsBnuclearBreactions.

2.BRetainsBgeneticBmaterialBinBtheBformBofBDNABandBchromosomes.

3.BManufacturesBribosomalBRNABandBribosomes.

StructureBofBMitochondria.B-BANSWER-1.BDoubleBmembraneBsurroundingBorganelleB- BcontrolsBentryBandBexitBofBmaterial.

2.BCristaeB- BextensionsBofBtheBinnerBmembrane,BprovidingBaBlargeBsurfaceBareaBforBtheBattachmentBofBenzy mesBandBotherBproteinsBduringBrespiration.

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3.BMatrixB-BmakesBupBtheBremainderB- BcontainsBproteins,Blipids,BribosomesBandBDNAB(allowsBmitochondriaBtoBproduceBownBproteins)B andBsomeBrespiratoryBenzymes.

FunctionsBofBMitochondria.B-BANSWER- 1.BSitesBofBKrebsBCycleBandBoxidativeBphosphorylationBpathwayBinBaerobicBrespirationB- BresponsibleBforBATPBproduction.

NBB=BfoundBinBhighBnumbersBinBmetabolicallyBactiveBcellsBwhichBrequireBmuchBATP.

StructureBofBChloroplasts.B-BANSWER-FoundBinBplantsBandBalgae.

1.BChloroplastBenvelopeB-BdoubleBplasmaBmembrane,BhighlyBselective,BsurroundsBtheBorganelle.

2.BGranaB-BstacksBofBdisc-shapedBthylakoidBmembrane.

3.BThylakoidsB- BcontainBchlorophyllBusedBinBphotosynthesis,BcanBbeBlinkedBbyBlamellaeBtoBotherBgrana.

4.BStromaB-Bfluid-filledBmatrixBwhereBCalvinBCycleBtakesBplace.BAlsoBcontainsBstarchBgrains.

FunctionsBofBChloroplasts.B-BANSWER-SiteBofBPhotosynthesis:

LDRBinBthylakoidBmembranes.LIRBinBstroma.

1.BGranalBmembranesBprovideBaBlargeBSABforBLDRB-Bphotosystems,Be-BcarriersBandBenzymesBetc.

2.BChloroplastsBcontainBDNABandBribosomesB- BcanBquicklyBandBeasilyBmanufactureBsomeBofBtheBproteinsBneededBforBphotosynthesis. 2 / 4

StructureBofBEndoplasmicBReticulum.B-BANSWER-1.B3DBsystemBofBsheet-likeBmembranesB- BcontinuousBwithBtheBouterBmembraneBofBtheBnuclearBdoubleBmembrane.

2.BMembraneBcontainsBaBnetworkBofBtubulesBandBflattenedBsacsBcalledBcisternae.

3.BRERB-BribosomesBonBtheBouterBsurfaceBofBtheBmembranes.

4.BSERB-BlacksBribosomesBonBitsBsurfaceBandBisBoftenBmoreBtubularBinBitsBappearance.

FunctionBofBEndoplasmicBReticulum.B-BANSWER-RER

1.BLargeBSABforBprotein/glycoproteinBsynthesis.

2.BProvidesBaBpathwayBforBmaterialBtransportBthroughoutBtheBcell,BespeciallyBforBproteins.

SER

1.BSynthesises,BstoresBandBtransportsBlipidsBandBcarbohydrates.B

NBB=BcellsBthatBmanufactureBandBstoreBlotsBofBlipids,BcarbsBandBproteinsBhaveBextensiveBERB- BsuchBasBliverBandBsecretoryBcells,BsuchBasBtheBintestineBepithelialBcells.

StructureBofBGolgiBApparatus.B-BANSWER- 1.BCompactBsystemBofBflattenedBsacsBandBstackedBmembranesB(cisternae).

2.BVesiclesB- BmodifiedBproteinsBandBlipidsBtransportedBtoBcellBmembraneBwhereBtheyBfuseBwithBit,BandBthenB egestBcontentsBtoBtheBoutside. 3 / 4

FunctionsBofBGolgiBApparatus.B-BANSWER-1.BFormBglycoproteinsBbyBaddingBcarbsBtoBproteins.

2.BProduceBsecretoryBenzymes,BsuchBasBthoseBsecretedBbyBtheBpancreasB- BapparatusBisBdevelopedBinBsecretoryBcells,BespeciallyBthoseBinBtheBsmallBintestine.

3.BSecreteBcarbs,BsuchBasBcelluloseBforBplantBcellBwalls.

4.BTransports,BmodifiesBandBstoresBlipids.

5.BFormsBlysosomes.B

NBB=BGolgiBVesiclesBareB'pinchedBoff'BfromBgolgiBcisternae.

StructureBofBLysosomes.B-BANSWER-GolgiBvesiclesBwithBproteases,BlipaseBandBlysozymes.

FunctionsBofBLysosomes.B-BANSWER-1.BHydrolyseBforeignBmaterialBingestedBbyBphagocytes.

2.BExocytosisBofBenzymesBtoBdestroyBextra-cellularBmaterial.

3.BApoptosisB-BprogrammedBcellBdeath.BAutolysisB-BbreakingBdownBcellsBafterBdeath.

4.BDigestBwornBoutBorganellesB-BcanBrecycleBchemicals.

NBB=BveryBabundantBinBsecretoryBcellsBandBphagocytes.

StructureBofBRibosomes.B-BANSWER-1.BSmallBcytoplasmicBgranulesBfoundBinBallBcells,Bfree- floatingBorBassociatedBwithBRER.

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