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2023 HESI Med Surg III Final Exam

• what is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute✔✔ CO

• all hemodynamic measurements are affected by what?✔✔ CO

• what is normal cardiac output?✔✔ 4-8 L

• what is a more accurate measurement of CO by taking BSA into

account?- ✔✔ cardiac index

• what is normal cardiac index?✔✔ 2.4-4

• what compensates for changes in CP by speeding up or slowing

down✔✔ - heart rate

• what is the amount of blood ejected by each heartbeat?✔✔ stroke

volume

• what is the presure exerted on the ventricular walls by the volume of

blood filling the ventricle at the end of diastole?✔✔ preload

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• if the preload is high, what do we see?✔✔ too much blood volume, fluid

overload HF renal failure

• if preload is low, what do we see?✔✔

dehydration from diuretic

• what is the resistance to ventricular contraction to pump the blod out?-

✔✔ afterload

• what is the pressure that the heart must overcome such as in MAP?✔✔

af- terload

• if we have a high afterload, what do we see?✔✔ aortic

stenosis vasoconstriction

• what is property of myocardial muscle fivers that allows them to

short- en✔✔ contractility

• how do we measure CO?✔✔ HR x Stroke volume

• what are minimally invasive lines for cardiac?✔✔ central venous

access arterial access

• what are invasive lines for cardiac?✔✔ pulmonary artery catheter

(swan ganz)

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• where is the central line normally placed?✔✔ subclavian

vein jugular vein

• why is central line good?✔✔ good way to give

meds give fluids

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