Test Bank for - Hanser (All Chapters) Hanser, Essentials of Com...

Test Bank for Essentials of Community Corrections, 1e Robert Hanser (All Chapters) 1 / 4

Hanser, Essentials of Community Corrections SAGE Publishing, 2019

Chapter 1: Definitions, History, and Development of

Community Corrections Test Bank

Multiple Choice

• In which decade was the Martinson Report published?
• 1960s
• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 1-5: Be aware of developments in community corrections from the 1960s Onward.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation and Parole From 1960 Onward

Difficulty Level: Easy

• The abolition of parole in the federal system occurred due to which of the following

acts?

• The Crime Control Omnibus Act of 1991
• The Safe Streets Act of 1984
• The Homeland Security Act of 2001
• The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984

Ans: D

Learning Objective: 1-5: Be aware of developments in community corrections from the 1960s Onward.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation and Parole From 1960 Onward

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Which model of community supervision officer operation is recommended by the

text?

• needs determination model
• social science model
• social casework model
• social reintegration model

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 1-4: Identify and discuss the various philosophical underpinnings associated with sentencing and the administration of offender supervision within the community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge 2 / 4

Hanser, Essentials of Community Corrections SAGE Publishing, 2019

Answer Location: Classical Criminology, Behavioral Psychology, and Community

Corrections

Difficulty Level: Medium

• Why is the case of United States v. Birnbaum (1970) important to community

corrections?

• This case demonstrated that probation and parole did not work.
• This case determined that probation was a privilege and not a right.
• This case determined that probation was intended to be reintegrative in nature.
• This case determined what constituted public safety.

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify key persons in the early development of probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Probation and Parole From 1960 Onward

Difficulty Level: Medium

• Where was the ticket-of-leave system started?
• Norfolk Island
• Ireland
• United States
• Tasmania

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 1-2: Identify early historical precursors to probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Beginning of Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Who created the “mark” system?
• Cesare Beccaria
• Robert Martinson
• Alexander Maconochie
• Sir Walter Crofton

Ans: C

Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify key persons in the early development of probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Beginning of Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Sanctuary allowed for which of the following?
• Escaped criminals could flee to select cities.
• Criminals could be charged with a lesser crime.
• Exoneration for all crimes.
• Criminals could be transferred to a smaller prison.

Ans: A 3 / 4

Hanser, Essentials of Community Corrections SAGE Publishing, 2019 Learning Objective: 1-2: Identify early historical precursors to probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Alternative Sanctions: Sanctuary

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Benefit of Clergy was initially implemented during the ______ century?
• 11th
• 12th
• 13th
• 14th

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 1-2: Identify early historical precursors to probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Alternative Sanctions: Benefit of Clergy

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Which of the following is TRUE about sanctuary?
• Those who stayed in sanctuary too long might have their charges dismissed.
• The use of sanctuary was an adopted practice for over 1,000 years.
• Sanctuary was a form of banishment by the community.
• Sanctuary led to criminal city-states due to an influx of criminals in designated towns.

Ans: B

Learning Objective: 1-2: Identify early historical precursors to probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Alternative Sanctions: Sanctuary

Difficulty Level: Medium

• Who wrote the essay entitled An Essay on Crimes and Punishments?
• Cesare Beccaria
• Robert Martinson
• Alexander Maconochie
• Sir Walter Crofton

Ans: A

Learning Objective: 1-3: Identify key persons in the early development of probation and parole.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Philosophical Basis of Community Corrections--Both Probation and Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

• Judicial reprieve began to emerge during the ______.
• 1400s
• 1500s
• 1600s
• 1700s

Ans: D

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