UTMB 5355 EXAM ACTUAL STUDY SET-ADVANCED

UTMB 5355 EXAM (ACTUAL / ) STUDY SET-ADVANCED

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT

ANSWERS| NEWEST

Hyperphosphatemia causes - ---Answers-----Renal failure Excess intake of phosphorus

Serum calcium exists in 2 fractions - ---Answers-----bound to plasma proteins free ionized calcium 99% is in plasma and body cells

Hypocalcemia cancer - ---Answers-----occurs with prostate cancer low serum albumin renal failure

hypercalcmia cancer - ---Answers-----occurs from malignancy, poor prognosis

ionzing radiation types - ---Answers-----xray gamma radition

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Ionizing radiation causes - ---Answers-----genomic instability, changes in DNA due to removing electron

Ionzing radiation results in - ---Answers-----free radicals

Ischemia - ---Answers-----Lack of blood supply, most common cause of cell injury and death

Process of ischemia - ---Answers-----1. insufficient glucose and O2=cell cannot produce energy

• NA+ influx into cell
• water follows NA+ which causes cell swelling
• influx of CA+
• Mitochondria destroyed
• results in cell bursting causing inflammation

atrophy - ---Answers-----a decrease or shrinkage in cell size

example of atrophy - ---Answers-----muscle atrophy from bed rest

hypertrophy - ---Answers-----increase in cell size, increases size of affected organ d/t overuse and workload

example of hypertrophy - ---Answers-----myocardial/kidney hypertrophy 2 / 4

Hyperplasia - ---Answers-----increase in number of cells from increase rate of cell division

example of hyperplasia - ---Answers-----regeneration of liver, endometrium during ovulation

Dysplasia - ---Answers-----abnormal change is size, shape and organization of cells

Example of dysplasia - ---Answers-----not considered a true adaptive change, is NOT cancer but can be associated with cancer

Metaplasia - ---Answers-----reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type

Example of metaplasia - ---Answers-----GERD, smoker's lungs

anaplasia - ---Answers-----loss of cell differentiation, disorganized, loss of normal tissue structure and function

example of anaplasia - ---Answers-----hallmark to cancer

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free radicals - ---Answers-----unstable molecules that cause cell damage, capable of independent existence due to single electron,

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) - ---Answers-----chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen a natural oxidant species during mitochondrial respiration

free radicals - ---Answers-----play role in development of chronic illnesses, not abnormal, must balance with antioxidants

oxidative stress - ---Answers-----a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage

Melanin - ---Answers-----A pigment that gives the skin its color

Hemoproteins - ---Answers-----heme (iron porphyrin) -hemoglobin

Hemosiderosis - ---Answers-----abnormal increase of iron in blood

fatty liver - ---Answers-----a condition in which fats build up in the liver and cannot be broken down

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