Western Governors University D684: Introduction to Computer Science

Western Governors University D684: Introduction to

Computer Science

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D684 -

384 term quiz Practice questions for this set Learn1 / 7Study using Learn unused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer needs or references analog datadata represented in a continuous and variable form American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(ASCII)

a standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters, numbers, and symbols Choose an answer 1garbage2input 3stack4real Don't know?

bandwidththe maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communication channel, usually measured in bits per second binarya numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent data in computing Boolean expressiona logical statement that can only be true or false and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT charactera single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text character seta collection of characters that a computer can recognize and process, like ASCII

or Unicode compression ratio: the ratio of the original data size to the

compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced control structureconstructs in programming that control the flow of execution, such as loops and conditional statements dataraw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information data compressionthe process of reducing the size of data to save space or transmission time data typescategories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used declarationa statement in programming that specifies the name and type of a variable or function without assigning a value digital datadata represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones) floating pointa way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent Huffman encodinga compression technique that uses variable-length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence informationdata that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful integera whole number keyword encodinga method of data compression that replaces frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes losslessa type of data compression where no information is lost and the original data can be perfectly reconstructed lossya type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality

numericany value that is a number overflowa condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented within a given number of bits pulse-code modulation (PCM)a method used to digitally represent analog signals radix pointthe decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts reala data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often called floating-point numbers reclockingthe process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to ensure accuracy and synchronization run-length encodinga simple compression technique that replaces sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count scientific notationa method of representing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10 signed-magnitude representationa way of encoding positive and negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude stringa sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used for text manipulation strong typinga feature in programming languages where each variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors ten's complementa mathematical method for representing negative numbers in a decimal system Unicodea universal character set that includes characters from virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally alphanumeric valuescharacters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9) assignment operatora symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically = assignment statementa line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x = 5 binary operatoran operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and / camel casinga naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName garbageunused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer needs or references

Hungarian notationa naming convention where the name of a variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable identifiera name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to identify it initializing a variableassigning an initial value to a variable when it is declared, like int x = 10 kebob casea naming convention where words are all lowercase and separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name keyword (reserved word)a reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and cannot be used as an identifier, like if, while, and class lvaluean expression that refers to a memory location, which can appear on the left side of an assignment, like x in x = 5 mixed case with underscoresa naming convention that combines uppercase and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like My_Variable_Name numeric constanta fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42 numeric variablea variable that holds a number value operanda value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5 Pascal casinga naming convention in which each word in the name starts with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName right-to-left associativitythe order in which operations are performed in expressions where operators of the same precedence appear, processed from right to left snake casinga naming convention in which words are all lowercase and separated by underscores, like my_variable_name string constanta fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code, like "Hello, World!" string variablea variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string) type safetyensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data type, preventing type errors unnamed constanta fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to a variable, also known as a magic number, like 3.14 for π variablea named storage location in memory that can hold different values throughout a program abstract stepa high-level action in an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it